The process of redrawing voting district boundaries in order to give one political party or group an electoral advantage is called

The process of redrawing voting district boundaries in order to give one political party or group an electoral advantage is called

A) devolution.
B) gerrymandering.
C) political enclave.
D) popular sovereignty.
E) cultural landscape.


Answer: B

Which type of gerrymandering is designed to elect minority candidates?

Which type of gerrymandering is designed to elect minority candidates?

A) Stacked.
B) Wasted vote.
C) Fragmented.
D) Aligned.
E) Persuasive.


Answer: A

After World War I, the boundaries of countries were redrawn to correspond with

After World War I, the boundaries of countries were redrawn to correspond with

A) the distribution of languages.
B) the distribution of power.
C) the distribution of ancient tribal areas.
D) the provisions of the United Nations.
E) the geographic nature of the HDI.


Answer: A

An area in which businesses are exempt from certain taxes and government regulations to give other economic advantages as an inducement to promote growth or trade.

An area in which businesses are exempt from certain taxes and government regulations to give other economic advantages as an inducement to promote growth or trade.

A) Realm.
B) Enterprise zones.
C) Perceptual region.
D) Protruded state.
E) Economies of scale.


Answer: B

NAFTA is a Supranationalistic organization, which attempted to create a free trade zone in which region?

NAFTA is a Supranationalistic organization, which attempted to create a free trade zone in which region?

A) North Africa.
B) North Atlantic.
C) New Zealand and Australia.
D) North America.
E) Nigerian and Arab countries.


Answer: D

The main purpose of the European Union is to

The main purpose of the European Union is to

A) promote the common defense of member states.
B) create an economic free trade zone for member countries.
C) use tariffs and quotas to discourage trade.
D) create a United States of Europe, which would include the countries of Europe.
becoming more like the concept of American states.
E) create a common currency.


Answer: B

What is it called when three or more states cooperate in order to promote shared objectives in the areas of defense, economy or cultural cooperation?

What is it called when three or more states cooperate in order to promote shared objectives in the areas of defense, economy or cultural cooperation?

A) Multi-nationalism.
B) Devolution.
C) Supranationalism.
D) Nationalism.
E) Colonialism.


Answer: C

Select the group that is not a supranational organization.

Select the group that is not a supranational organization.

A) EU.
B) OAS.
C) OPEC.
D) CIA.
E) NATO.


Answer: D

Which of the following sub-regions recently gained more central government powers with the creation of a parliament?

Which of the following sub-regions recently gained more central government powers with the creation of a parliament?

A) Colorado.
B) Scotland.
C) Russia.
D) Ireland.
E) Kosovo.


Answer: B

The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has lead many central governments to transfer central government power to regional or local governments. This process is called

The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has lead many central governments to transfer central government power to regional or local governments. This process is called

A) devolution.
B) acculturation.
C) autocratic.
D) imperialism.
E) capitalism.


Answer: A

According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea what is the correct order of zones from most control to least control?

According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea what is the correct order of zones from most control to least control?

A) Territorial seas, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, high seas.
B) High seas, territorial seas, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone.
C) Exclusive economic zone, contiguous zone, territorial seas, high seas.
D) Territorial seas, exclusive economic zone, high seas, contiguous zone.
E) Exclusive economic zone, contiguous zone, high seas, territorial seas.


Answer: A

This concept refers to the idea that multiple individuals acting in their own short term self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared resource, even if maintaining that resource is in the best interest of individuals in the long run.

This concept refers to the idea that multiple individuals acting in their own short term self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared resource, even if maintaining that resource is in the best interest of individuals in the long run.

A) Privatization.
B) Statehood.
C) Environmental determinism.
D) Ecological footprint.
E) Tragedy of the commons.



Answer: E

Which of the following best describes the effect of globalization related to state sovereignty?

Which of the following best describes the effect of globalization related to state sovereignty?

A) States' sovereignty has clearly increased as a result of globalization.
B) States have given up some sovereignty in order to join supra-nationalistic organizations.
C) Globalization has not had an effect on state sovereignty.
D) The number of sovereign states in the world has declined during the era of globalization.
E) State sovereignty has increased because of the need to protect borders from invasion of imperialistic states.


Answer: B

Which of the following entities has increasingly gained both economic and political power on a global scale in the 21st century via the process of globalization?

Which of the following entities has increasingly gained both economic and political power on a global scale in the 21st century via the process of globalization?

A) Transnational corporations.
B) Sub-regional governments.
C) City-states.
D) Landlocked states.
E) Rural areas.


Answer: A

This sub field of geography studies the political, economic and strategic significance of geography?

This sub field of geography studies the political, economic and strategic significance of geography?

A) Linguistics.
B) Econometrics.
C) Geopolitics.
D) Anthropology.
E) Demography.


Answer: C

Which of the following is not a centrifugal force within Sri Lanka?

Which of the following is not a centrifugal force within Sri Lanka?

A) Religion.
B) Ethnicity.
C) Language.
D) History of conflict.
E) Equal representation in government.

Answer: E

In political geography these forces tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state.

In political geography these forces tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state.

A) Centripetal.
B) Centrifugal.
C) Homogeneity.
D) Common values.
E) Common history


Answer: B

All of the following tend to be centripetal forces within a country except

All of the following tend to be centripetal forces within a country except

A) education system.
B) military.
C) common language.
D) regionalism.
E) transportation system.


Answer: D

These forces tend to bind together the citizens of a state.

These forces tend to bind together the citizens of a state.

A) Centripetal.
B) Centrifugal.
C) Colonialism.
D) Gravity.
E) Regionalism.


Answer: A

All of the following areas have recently experienced or were created through balkanization except

All of the following areas have recently experienced or were created through balkanization except

A) Chechnya.
B) Serbia.
C) Estonia.
D) Vietnam.
E) Brazil.


Answer: E

Which of the following countries has endured the effects of balkanization?

Which of the following countries has endured the effects of balkanization?

A) United States.
B) Yugoslavia.
C) Australia.
D) Brazil.
E) Nigeria.


Answer: B

Balkanization is most closely associated with which of the following terms?

Balkanization is most closely associated with which of the following terms?

A) Secondary activities.
B) Tipping point.
C) Multi-linear evolution.
D) Shatterbelt.
E) Bulk-loss industry.


Answer: D

Which of the following is a reason a country would select a forward-thrust capital site?

Which of the following is a reason a country would select a forward-thrust capital site?

A) To encourage growth into the interior of a country.
B) To take advantage of a coastal location.
C) Locations on a hill provides better protection against attack.
D) To encourage relocation on a new coastal area.
E) To reinforce the power and influence of a country's core region.


Answer: A

__________ is a forward-thrust capital.

__________ is a forward-thrust capital.

A) Washington DC.
B) London.
C) Beijing.
D) Brasilia.
E) Baghdad.


Answer: D

Washington DC was chosen as a site for the United States capital for all of the following reasons except

Washington DC was chosen as a site for the United States capital for all of the following reasons except

A) its centrality in the United States.
B) inland site provided some protection against invasion.
C) it was the largest and most powerful city during the colonial era.
D) its site was undeveloped and a new city could be built form the ground up.
E) it was a compromise location between the competing interests of the North and South


Answer: C

This type of capital city is deliberately sited in a state's frontier zone?

This type of capital city is deliberately sited in a state's frontier zone?

A) Core.
B) Forward-thrust.
C) Exclave.
D) Divided.
E) Networked


Answer: B

Political geographers consider which of the following as the core area of the United States?

Political geographers consider which of the following as the core area of the United States?

A) The Los Angeles-San Francisco area.
B) The New York-Washington D.C. area.
C) The Chicago-Detroit area.
D) The Atlanta-Birminham, Alabama area.
E) The Buffalo-Cleveland area.


Answer: B

A permanent union of sovereign states created in order to deal with common interests of defense, trade or policy is a

A permanent union of sovereign states created in order to deal with common interests of defense, trade or policy is a

A) confederation.
B) democracy.
C) dependency.
D) trust territory.
E) macro state.

Answer: A

Which of the following countries is not a federal state?

Which of the following countries is not a federal state?

A) United States.
B) Canada.
C) France.
D) Australia.
E) United Kingdom.


Answer: E

This type of political framework has a central government but each of the subnational entities has representation and influence in the government process.

This type of political framework has a central government but each of the subnational entities has representation and influence in the government process.

A) Federal.
B) Unitary.
C) Compact.
D) Communist.
E) Democratic


Answer: A

Unitary states usually have all of the following characteristics except?

Unitary states usually have all of the following characteristics except?

A) Highly centralized government.
B) Few internal cultural differences.
C) Borders that are both cultural and political.
D) Primate city located within the core of country.
E) Multiple provinces with strong regional governments


Answer: E

This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises control equally over all parts of the state?

This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises control equally over all parts of the state?

A) Federal.
B) Unitary.
C) Compact.
D) Regional.
E) Democratic


Answer: B

Which of the following states is considered a gateway to the Himalayas?

Which of the following states is considered a gateway to the Himalayas?

A) Peru.
B) Nepal.
C) Russia.
D) Kenya.
E) Switzerland.


Answer: B

During the Cold War era which two countries balanced the power of one another?

During the Cold War era which two countries balanced the power of one another?

A) Pakistan/India.
B) United Kingdom/France.
C) Spain/Portugal.
D) United States/Soviet Union.
E) Japan/Germany.


Answer: D

This 20th century communist empire controlled many weaker satellite states in Eastern Europe.

This 20th century communist empire controlled many weaker satellite states in Eastern Europe.

A) Germany.
B) Turkey.
C) Soviet Union.
D) China.
E) Vietnam.


Answer: C

Which country had an apartheid system of legal segregation of races which was finally dismantled in the 1990s?

Which country had an apartheid system of legal segregation of races which was finally dismantled in the 1990s?

A) United States.
B) India.
C) South Africa.
D) China.
E) Japan.


Answer: C

Africa experienced a period of decolonization and creation of many new States during which time period?

Africa experienced a period of decolonization and creation of many new States during which time period?

A) 1950s and 60s.
B) Late 19th century.
C) 1700s.
D) 1850s.
E) 1930s.


Answer: A

A region that historically is caught between stronger colliding external forces. The region is often fractured and splintered politically and ethnically. This an example of a(n)

A region that historically is caught between stronger colliding external forces. The region is often fractured and splintered politically and ethnically. This an example of a(n)

A) shatterbelt.
B) periphery.
C) primate state.
D) insurgent state.
E) core.


Answer: A

Which of the following areas is considered a shatterbelt?

Which of the following areas is considered a shatterbelt?

A) Eastern Europe.
B) Western Europe.
C) China.
D) Australia.
E) North America.


Answer: A

Which theory created in the early 20th century advocated that any political power based in the center of Eurasia could gain enough strength to dominate the world?

Which theory created in the early 20th century advocated that any political power based in the center of Eurasia could gain enough strength to dominate the world?

A) Unilateral Theory.
B) Mackinder's Heartland Theory.
C) Wallerstein's World Systems Theory.
D) Huntington's Clash of Civilizations Thesis.
E) Balkanization.


Answer: B

The concept of manifest destiny was used as support for imperialism by which country?

The concept of manifest destiny was used as support for imperialism by which country?

A) United Kingdom.
B) France.
C) United States.
D) China.
E) Spain.


Answer: C

The concept that the United States was ordained by God to expand across North America was

The concept that the United States was ordained by God to expand across North America was

A) gateway state.
B) complementarity.
C) Manifest Destiny.
D) Rimland Theory.
E) historical inertia.


Answer: C

Every country in Africa was either colonized or under the imperial control of a European power except

Every country in Africa was either colonized or under the imperial control of a European power except

A) Ethiopia.
B) South Africa.
C) Kenya.
D) Nigeria.
E) Egypt.


Answer: A

The British imperialized portions of all of the following regions except?

The British imperialized portions of all of the following regions except?

A) Nigeria.
B) India.
C) Vietnam.
D) East Africa.
E) China.


Answer: C

A country imposes its political, economic and cultural principles over territory already occupied and organized by a society. This is called

A country imposes its political, economic and cultural principles over territory already occupied and organized by a society. This is called

A) command economy.
B) colonialism.
C) devolution.
D) imperialism.
E) regionalism.


Answer: D

The establishment of political boundaries in Africa by European imperial powers during the 19th century

The establishment of political boundaries in Africa by European imperial powers during the 19th century

A) was the result of military conflict between the colonizing countries.
B) resulted in distinctive cultural groups being divided among different states.
C) was the result of the International Court of Justice.
D) reflected pre-colonial patterns of tribal territorial control.
E) empowered the tribes of Africa to seek self rule with European assistance


Answer: B

Which of the following regions was not predominately colonized by the British?

Which of the following regions was not predominately colonized by the British?

A) East Africa.
B) South Asia.
C) West Africa.
D) South Africa.
E) Australia.


Answer: C

The policy by a country to establish settlements in an area and impose its political, economic and cultural principles there is called

The policy by a country to establish settlements in an area and impose its political, economic and cultural principles there is called

A) command economy.
B) colonialism.
C) devolution.
D) growth pole.
E) regionalism.


Answer: B

Which one of the following is the best example of a nation-state?

Which one of the following is the best example of a nation-state?

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) South Africa.
D) United Kingdom.
E) Switzerland.


Answer: B

A state whose territory closely corresponds to an ethnicity that has become a nationality is a

A state whose territory closely corresponds to an ethnicity that has become a nationality is a

A) multi-national state.
B) nation-state.
C) prorupt state.
D) unitary state.
E) fragmented state.


Answer: B

Which of the following ethnic groups is seeking self determination?

Which of the following ethnic groups is seeking self determination?

A) Chechen.
B) English.
C) Mexican.
D) Dutch.
E) Chinese.


Answer: A

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is referred to as

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is referred to as

A) colonialism.
B) Rimland Theory.
C) self-determination.
D) nationalsim.
E) ethnic transition.



Answer: C

The Israel/Palestine conflict has elements of all of the following types of disputes except a(n)

The Israel/Palestine conflict has elements of all of the following types of disputes except a(n)

A) functional / operational dispute.
B) religious dispute.
C) ethnic dispute.
D) geometric dispute.
E) territorial dispute.


Answer: D

This type of boundary dispute focuses on the ownership and control of surface area.

This type of boundary dispute focuses on the ownership and control of surface area.

A) Positional/locational dispute.
B) Ethnic dispute.
C) Resource/allocation dispute.
D) Functional/operational dispute.
E) Territorial dispute.


Answer: E

Which of the following best describes the border landscape between the United States and Mexico in the early 21st century?

Which of the following best describes the border landscape between the United States and Mexico in the early 21st century?

A) Strongly demarcated with fences and border guards, particularly in urban areas.
B) Open welcoming border with inviting signage.
C) Sudden, sharp cultural change from Mexican to American culture.
D) Very few transportation connections or economic linkages.
E) Very few people or products cross the border landscape legally.


Answer: A

The study of border landscapes is concerned with all of the following except

The study of border landscapes is concerned with all of the following except

A) the political boundary as an expression of cultural landscape.
B) the effect of the border on economic activity.
C) how the border affects the attitude of border inhabitants.
D) the effect of the border on state policy.
E) the United Nations Law of Border Development.


Answer: E

Which of the following states is a buffer state between India and China?

Which of the following states is a buffer state between India and China?

A) Mongolia.
B) Nepal.
C) Vietnam.
D) Japan.
E) Sri Lanka.


Answer: B

A real world example of a buffer state would be?

A real world example of a buffer state would be?

A) Mongolia.
B) France.
C) China.
D) United States.
E) Brazil.


Answer: A

A weaker country that separates two powerful countries whose ideology and or political views conflict is a

A weaker country that separates two powerful countries whose ideology and or political views conflict is a

A) core state.
B) periphery state.
C) fragmented state.
D) buffer state.
E) viable state.


Answer: D

For years, there has been a dispute with the Svabard Islands in the Barents Sea. In 1920, a treaty prohibited military installations on the islands and allowed 41 nations equal rights to mine coal. The islands remained in Norwegian control. However, Russia continues to dispute Norway's fishing rights beyond Svabard territorial limits and within the Treaty zone. Which type of border dispute does the dispute best exemplify?

For years, there has been a dispute with the Svabard Islands in the Barents Sea. In 1920, a treaty prohibited military installations on the islands and allowed 41 nations equal rights to mine coal. The islands remained in Norwegian control. However, Russia continues to dispute Norway's fishing rights beyond Svabard territorial limits and within the Treaty zone. Which type of border dispute does the dispute best exemplify?

A) Functional/operational dispute.
B) Positional/locational dispute.
C) Cultural dispute.
D) Resource dispute.
E) Territorial dispute.


Answer: D

The dispute between China and Vietnam over Spratly Island is primarily a(n)

The dispute between China and Vietnam over Spratly Island is primarily a(n)

A) positional / locational dispute.
B) ethnic dispute.
C) resource dispute.
D) functional / operational dispute.
E) religious dispute.


Answer: C

A piece of undeveloped property is adjacent to a residential neighborhood. The city government wants to build a jail on the property but the local community objects to the land-use. Which of the following terms best exemplifies this dispute?

A piece of undeveloped property is adjacent to a residential neighborhood. The city government wants to build a jail on the property but the local community objects to the land-use. Which of the following terms best exemplifies this dispute?

A) Positional/locational dispute.
B) Territorial dispute.
C) Resource dispute.
D) Functional/operational dispute.
E) Urban dispute.


Answer: D

Read this description and then select the type of border dispute that best describes the dispute. Canada and the United States are historic allies but disagree on how to implement a plan for a "secure and smart border" that would protect against terrorists attacks while 200,000 vehicles cross the border each day, mostly trucks involved in a steady stream of trade. Agreements must be reached on whether or not to inspect each truck and how to track the flow of individuals back and forth along the 4,000-mile border.

Read this description and then select the type of border dispute that best describes the dispute. Canada and the United States are historic allies but disagree on how to implement a plan for a "secure and smart border" that would protect against terrorists attacks while 200,000 vehicles cross the border each day, mostly trucks involved in a steady stream of trade. Agreements must be reached on whether or not to inspect each truck and how to track the flow of individuals back and forth along the 4,000-mile border.

A) Positional/locational dispute.
B) Ethnic dispute.
C) Resource dispute.
D) Functional/operational dispute.
E) Religious dispute.


Answer: D

Two neighbors disagree about the color, material and size of a fence between their properties. Which of the following terms best illustrates this dispute?

Two neighbors disagree about the color, material and size of a fence between their properties. Which of the following terms best illustrates this dispute?

A) Positional / locational dispute.
B) Political dispute.
C) Resource / allocation dispute.
D) Functional / operational dispute.
E) Territorial dispute.


Answer: A

This type of boundary dispute focuses on the delimitation, demarcation or interpretation of an agreement between countries.

This type of boundary dispute focuses on the delimitation, demarcation or interpretation of an agreement between countries.

A) Positional/locational dispute.
B) Ethnic dispute.
C) Resource/allocation dispute.
D) Functional/operational dispute
E) Religious dispute.


Answer: A

At which scale do boundary disputes occur?

At which scale do boundary disputes occur?

A) Local.
B) Regional.
C) National.
D) International.
E) All of the above.


Answer: E

A former boundary line that is still visible and marked by some cultural landscape feature is a(n)

A former boundary line that is still visible and marked by some cultural landscape feature is a(n)

A) geometric boundary.
B) natural boundary.
C) antededent boundary.
D) relic boundary.
E) subsequent boundary.


Answer: D

What type of boundary does the Great Wall of China best illustrate?

What type of boundary does the Great Wall of China best illustrate?

A) Geometric boundary.
B) Natural boundary.
C) Antededent boundary.
D) Relic boundary.
E) Exclave boundary.


Answer: D

Which of the following boundaries were not superimposed on a group?

Which of the following boundaries were not superimposed on a group?

A) Native American reservations.
B) United States/Canada.
C) India/Pakistan.
D) Africa.
E) Papua New Guinea/Indonesia.


Answer: B

A boundary forced upon existing cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering or colonizing power is called a(n)

A boundary forced upon existing cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering or colonizing power is called a(n)

A) religious boundary.
B) antecedent boundary.
C) geometric boundary.
D) subsequent boundary.
E) superimposed boundary.


Answer: E

Which of the following is the best example of a subsequent boundary?

Which of the following is the best example of a subsequent boundary?

A) Ireland / Northern Ireland.
B) Mexico / United States.
C) China / Tibet.
D) Great Wall of China.
E) Colorado / Kansas.


Answer: A

A boundary that is drawn after the development of a cultural landscape is a(n)

A boundary that is drawn after the development of a cultural landscape is a(n)

A) religious boundary.
B) antecedent boundary.
C) geometric boundary.
D) subsequent boundary.
E) superimposed boundary.


Answer: D

Which of the following countries' internal boundaries are largely antecedent boundaries?

Which of the following countries' internal boundaries are largely antecedent boundaries?

A) Canada.
B) Germany.
C) Israel.
D) Japan.
E) India.


Answer: A

This type of boundary line is established before an area is well populated.

This type of boundary line is established before an area is well populated.

A) Subsequent boundaries.
B) Antecedent boundaries.
C) Geometric boundary.
D) Natural boundary.
E) Linguistic boundary


Answer: B

Which of the following is not a purpose of boundaries?

Which of the following is not a purpose of boundaries?

A) Mark the outer limits of state's claim to land.
B) Project below ground to allocate subsurface resources.
C) Mark political administrative divisions within a country.
D) Define the property limits between owners of land.
E) Create lanes of transportation between countries.


Answer: E

Which region has a high percentage of geometric boundaries to separate states?

Which region has a high percentage of geometric boundaries to separate states?

A) North Africa.
B) Europe.
C) Southeast Asia.
D) South America.
E) Central Asia.


Answer: A

Which type of boundary uses lines of latitude and longitude and not existing physical features?

Which type of boundary uses lines of latitude and longitude and not existing physical features?

A) Antecedent boundary.
B) Subsequent boundary.
C) Natural boundary.
D) Geometric boundary.
E) Relic boundary.


Answer: D

Which region of the United States do geometric boundaries predominate?

Which region of the United States do geometric boundaries predominate?

A) Northeast.
B) Southeast.
C) West.
D) Hawaii.
E) Midwest.


Answer: C

The boundaries between which set of countries were established primarily to separate different religions?

The boundaries between which set of countries were established primarily to separate different religions?

A) India and Pakistan.
B) Mexico and United States.
C) France and Germany.
D) Russia and Ukraine.
E) Libya and Chad.


Answer: A

One element of the conflict in Kashmir is differences of religion. What two religions are primarily represented in this conflict?

One element of the conflict in Kashmir is differences of religion. What two religions are primarily represented in this conflict?

A) Islam and Christian.
B) Islam and Jewish.
C) Buddhism and Hindu.
D) Christian and tribal.
E) Hindu and Islam.


Answer: E

One element of the conflict in Sri Lanka is differences of religion. What two religions are primarily represented in this conflict?

One element of the conflict in Sri Lanka is differences of religion. What two religions are primarily represented in this conflict?

A) Islam and Christian.
B) Islam and Jewish.
C) Buddhism and Hindu.
D) Christian and tribal.
E) Shiite and Sunni.


Answer: C

Which region in the world has political boundaries that most poorly represent the linguistic boundaries of the region?

Which region in the world has political boundaries that most poorly represent the linguistic boundaries of the region?

A) North America.
B) South America.
C) Africa.
D) East Asia.
E) Europe.


Answer: C

This country used linguistic boundaries as a primary reason to establish their territory.

This country used linguistic boundaries as a primary reason to establish their territory.

A) United States.
B) Peru.
C) Australia.
D) France.
E) United Kingdom.


Answer: D

The boundaries of this country are being contested by the Palestinians.

The boundaries of this country are being contested by the Palestinians.

A) Serbia.
B) Israel.
C) Iraq.
D) China.
E) Sri Lanka.


Answer: B

The boundaries on this island were drawn primarily to divide the Greeks from the Turks.

The boundaries on this island were drawn primarily to divide the Greeks from the Turks.

A) Cyprus.
B) Australia.
C) Sri Lanka.
D) Indonesia.
E) Falklands.


Answer: A

Which of the following states use a desert as a boundary?

Which of the following states use a desert as a boundary?

A) Brazil and Peru.
B) Canada and the United States.
C) Iraq and Kuwait.
D) China and India.
E) Turkey and Syria.


Answer: C

All of the following are advantages of using deserts as boundaries except for the fact that

All of the following are advantages of using deserts as boundaries except for the fact that

A) they are difficult to cross.
B) they create a visible, physical border between states.
C) deserts contain natural resources.
D) desert regions are usually sparsely populated.
E) deserts are relatively permanent.


Answer: D

All of the following are disadvantages of using water as boundaries except for

All of the following are disadvantages of using water as boundaries except for

A) water navigation rights.
B) water use rights.
C) changing courses of rivers.
D) buffer zones between States.
E) resource and fishing rights.


Answer: D

All of the following are advantages of using water as boundaries except that

All of the following are advantages of using water as boundaries except that

A) water creates a visible boundary.
B) resource allocation can become a source of conflict.
C) water creates relatively consistent boundaries over time.
D) water provides protection against invasion.
E) oceans create a buffer between states.


Answer: B

Which of the following states use mountains as a boundary?

Which of the following states use mountains as a boundary?

A) Brazil and Peru.
B) Canada and the United States.
C) Iraq and Kuwait.
D) China and Russia.
E) Poland and Germany.


Answer: A

All of the following are advantages of using mountains as boundaries except that

All of the following are advantages of using mountains as boundaries except that

A) they are difficult to cross.
B) they create a visible, physical border between states.
C) mountain regions are usually sparsely populated.
D) mountains are relatively permanent.
E) they are the often the source area for natural resources.


Answer: E

A boundary that uses physiological features like rivers or mountains is referred to as a(n)

A boundary that uses physiological features like rivers or mountains is referred to as a(n)

A) geometric boundary.
B) subsequent boundary.
C) natural boundary.
D) permeable barrier.
E) ecumene.


Answer: C

Which of the following states engaged in classical hegemony in the late 20th century?

Which of the following states engaged in classical hegemony in the late 20th century?

A) Canada.
B) El Salvador.
C) Madagascar.
D) Soviet Union.
E) Mongolia.


Answer: D

The political dominance of a country or region by another country is referred to as

The political dominance of a country or region by another country is referred to as

A) insurgent state.
B) revivalist.
C) hegemony.
D) pandemic.
E) organic theory


Answer: C

Which of the following areas have been subjected to the policy of irredentism in the late 20th century?

Which of the following areas have been subjected to the policy of irredentism in the late 20th century?

A) Japan.
B) New Zealand.
C) Serbia.
D) United States.
E) Saudi Arabia.


Answer: C

The policy of a state wanting to add territory from another State inhabited by people who have cultural links to their own State is

The policy of a state wanting to add territory from another State inhabited by people who have cultural links to their own State is

A) the interaction model.
B) the gravity model.
C) irredentism.
D) ethnocentrism.
E) culture rebound.


Answer: C

Which of the following nations is considered a stateless-nation?

Which of the following nations is considered a stateless-nation?

A) Kurdish.
B) Jewish.
C) French.
D) Spanish.
E) Polish.


Answer: A

A national group that aspires to become a nation-state but lacks the territory is a

A national group that aspires to become a nation-state but lacks the territory is a

A) federal State.
B) unitary State.
C) stateless nation.
D) Non Governmental Organization (NGO).
E) supranationalistic.


Answer: C

Which of the following best describes an impact of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for maritime micro states?

Which of the following best describes an impact of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for maritime micro states?

A) The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) provisions increased the resources and
economic viability of these states.
B) Decreased the importance of micro-states in the global economy.
C) Placed more restrictive sea access limits on micro-states than the macro states like the
United States.
D) Increasingly marginalized the locations and power of micro-states.
E) Encouraged the low lying micro states to vacate territory because of rising sea levels.


Answer: A

What is the term for a state that is small in both population and size?

What is the term for a state that is small in both population and size?

A) Macro-state.
B) Micro-state.
C) Compact state.
D) Irredentism.
E) Federal state.


Answer: B

Which of the following is a landlocked State?

Which of the following is a landlocked State?

A) Australia.
B) Mongolia.
C) Italy.
D) Israel.
E) Peru.


Answer: B

________ became a landlocked state due to the results of the War of the Pacific?

________ became a landlocked state due to the results of the War of the Pacific?

A) Bolivia.
B) Brazil.
C) India.
D) Madagascar.
E) Spain.


Answer: A

Which of the following is true for landlocked States?

Which of the following is true for landlocked States?

A) They are likely to be the wealthiest state in their region.
B) They are at a commercial and strategic disadvantage.
C) Interior locations are more difficult to defend.
D) Relations with neighboring countries are not as important as for maritime countries.
E) There are more landlocked states in the world than maritime states.


Answer: B

Which of the following states is an enclave?

Which of the following states is an enclave?

A) Vatican City.
B) South Africa.
C) Italy.
D) Singapore.
E) Japan.


Answer: A

Which of the following states have an enclave?

Which of the following states have an enclave?

A) France.
B) Brazil.
C) Italy.
D) Egypt.
E) Australia.


Answer: C

Exclaves are often created for which of the following reasons?

Exclaves are often created for which of the following reasons?

A) To create political boundaries that attempt to unite ethnic groups in nearby regions under the control of one government in order to decrease conflict in a region.
B) To try to encourage a country to become more compact in its shape.
C) To increase trade with nearby countries.
D) To decrease population and economic pressure by dividing a country into smaller parts or provinces.
E) To develop transportation infrastructure and sustainable agriculture.


Answer: A

Which of the following states have an exclave?

Which of the following states have an exclave?

A) Russia.
B) Brazil.
C) Italy.
D) South Africa.
E) Australia.


Answer: A

Which of the following is an example of an exclave in the United States?

Which of the following is an example of an exclave in the United States?

A) Florida.
B) Alaska.
C) California.
D) Washington, DC.
E) Colorado.


Answer: B

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a perforated state?

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a perforated state?

A) Namibia.
B) South Africa.
C) China.
D) Poland.
E) United Kingdom


Answer: B

A country's morphology which can weaken its stability if an enclave is occupied by people whose values systems differ from the surrounding state is called

A country's morphology which can weaken its stability if an enclave is occupied by people whose values systems differ from the surrounding state is called

A) Compact.
B) Prorupt.
C) Elongated.
D) Perforated.
E) Fragmented.


Answer: D

A country with this shape can provide access to a resource, or it can separate two countries that would otherwise share a boundary.

A country with this shape can provide access to a resource, or it can separate two countries that would otherwise share a boundary.

A) Compact.
B) Prorupted.
C) Elongated.
D) Perforated.
E) Fragmented.


Answer: B

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a prorupted state?

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a prorupted state?

A) Namibia.
B) South Africa.
C) China.
D) Poland.
E) United Kingdom


Answer: A

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a fragmented state?

Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a fragmented state?

A) France.
B) Chile.
C) Indonesia.
D) Australia.
E) China.


Answer: C

Which types of countries usually encompass diverse types of climates, resources and peoples?

Which types of countries usually encompass diverse types of climates, resources and peoples?

A) Compact.
B) Prorupt.
C) Elongated.
D) Perforated.
E) Fragmented


Answer: C

This shape can weaken centralized control of state territory and increase regionalism particularly in the areas separate from the main state.

This shape can weaken centralized control of state territory and increase regionalism particularly in the areas separate from the main state.

A) Compact.
B) Prorupt.
C) Elongated.
D) Perforated.
E) Fragmented.


Answer: E

Fragmented states can help create which type of forces within a state?

Fragmented states can help create which type of forces within a state?

A) Centripetal.
B) Centrifugal.
C) Cumulative causation.
D) Backwash effects.
E) Irredentism.


Answer: B

Which of the following states fit the morphology description of a fragmented state?

Which of the following states fit the morphology description of a fragmented state?

A) Chile.
B) Japan.
C) Mexico.
D) South Africa.
E) Poland.


Answer: B

This type of shape can provide for efficiency in administration of a country.

This type of shape can provide for efficiency in administration of a country.

A) Compact.
B) Prorupt.
C) Elongated.
D) Perforated.
E) Fragmented.


Answer: A

Which of the following is a characteristic of compact states?

Which of the following is a characteristic of compact states?

A) Circular with the capital located in the center of the state.
B) Long narrow state with population concentrated in one region of the state.
C) One state is completely within the boundaries of another state.
D) State separated by a physical boundary or body of water.
E) Size of the state is very small compared to other states.


Answer: A

Which of the following states fits the morphology description of compact?

Which of the following states fits the morphology description of compact?

A) Chile.
B) South Africa.
C) Thailand.
D) Poland.
E) Russia.


Answer: D

Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory?

Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory?

A) Mexicans.
B) Palestinians.
C) British.
D) English.
E) Russians.


Answer: B

Which of the following terms refers to an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over land? This concept often leads to defense of the land.

Which of the following terms refers to an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over land? This concept often leads to defense of the land.

A) territoriality.
B) secularism.
C) materialism.
D) ethnocentrism.
E) consequent boundary


Answer: A

In contrast to a state, a nation

In contrast to a state, a nation

A) is a territory established by international agreement or military force.
B) is a cultural concept implying a group of people occupying a particular territory
and unified by shared beliefs.
C) the portion of the earth's surface containing a permanent population.
D) is a political entity, with sovereignty over its own territory.
E) is group of people living in an enclave of a city.


Answer: B

Which of the following is considered a sovereign state?

Which of the following is considered a sovereign state?

A) India.
B) Alaska.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Antarctica.
E) Spratly Islands


Answer: A

The exercise of state power over people and territory, and being recognized by other international states, refers to

The exercise of state power over people and territory, and being recognized by other international states, refers to

A) nationalism.
B) sovereignty.
C) citizenship.
D) centrifugalism.
E) imperialism.


Answer: B

Which of the following is considered a State?

Which of the following is considered a State?

A) France.
B) Colorado.
C) British Columbia.
D) Sahel.
E) Hong Kong.


Answer: A

What is a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and recognized by a large percentage of the international community?

What is a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and recognized by a large percentage of the international community?

A) Nation.
B) State.
C) Frontier.
D) Territoriality.
E) Colony


Answer: B

An example of a modern day city-state is

An example of a modern day city-state is

A) New York.
B) Panama Canal.
C) Paris.
D) Singapore.
E) Germany.


Answer: D

Which cultural hearth is credited with the creation of city-states, which eventually lead to the creation of the concept of nation-state?

Which cultural hearth is credited with the creation of city-states, which eventually lead to the creation of the concept of nation-state?

A) Mesopotamia.
B) Northern India.
C) Greece.
D) Roman Empire.
E) Mayan.


Answer: C

Which of the following locations would still be considered a frontier region?

Which of the following locations would still be considered a frontier region?

A) Northwestern Pakistan.
B) Western United States.
C) Eastern China.
D) Northern Egypt.
E) Eastern Australia


Answer: A

A region not fully integrated into a national state that is often marginal or undeveloped is a called a

A region not fully integrated into a national state that is often marginal or undeveloped is a called a

A) stateless nation.
B) frontier.
C) core.
D) heartland.
E) functional.


Answer: B

A country imposes its political, economic and cultural principles over territory already occupied and organized by a society. This is called

A country imposes its political, economic and cultural principles over territory already occupied and organized by a society. This is called

A) command economy.
B) colonialism.
C) devolution.
D) imperialism.
E) regionalism.



Answer: D

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) lowered trade barriers between

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) lowered trade barriers between

A. France, Germany, and the United States
B. Brazil, Chile, and the United States
C. Japan, Mexico, and the United States
D. Canada, Mexico, and the United States


Answer: B

All of the following are terms that connote the concept of a nation-state except:

All of the following are terms that connote the concept of a nation-state except:

A) linguistic
B) religious
C) political
D) ethnic
E) racial


Answer: C

Which of the following is an example of a physical-political international boundary?

Which of the following is an example of a physical-political international boundary?

A) railroad
B) river
C) canal
D) meridian
E) rainforest


Answer: B

Which of the following is an example of a supranational organization with the main mission of increasing economic integration?

Which of the following is an example of a supranational organization with the main mission of increasing economic integration?

A) NATO
B) EU
C) UN
D) International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
E) US Federal Reserve


Answer: B

A major practice of sustainable agriculture is

A major practice of sustainable agriculture is 

A) agribusiness.
B) an increased "green revolution" use of chemicals.
C) the lack of integration of crops and livestock.
D) use of pesticide resistant seed.
E) limited use of chemicals


Answer: E. limited use of chemicals

In Maryland, soil preservationists produced a new composite map by combining in their GIS

In Maryland, soil preservationists produced a new composite map by combining in their GIS 

A) soil quality, environmental, and economic maps.
B) maps on soil quality and proximity to market.
C) dry harvest climate, wet harvest climate, climate change, and soil maps.
D) maps on habitat for endangered species.
E) soil quality, environmental, and political maps.


Answer: A. soil quality, environmental, and economic maps

The best way to block Asian carp from moving into the Great Lakes from the Illinois River would be the closing of locks and dams in and near Chicago; however, these waterways are not being closed because

The best way to block Asian carp from moving into the Great Lakes from the Illinois River would be the closing of locks and dams in and near Chicago; however, these waterways are not being closed because 

A) Republicans in the U.S. Congress are concerned about taxes on the rich.
B) as major transportation links for the region, they are important for the economy of St. Louis.
C) too many Asian carp are already clogging the locks and dams and cannot be removed.
D) as major transportation links for the region, they are important for Chicago's economy.
E) the economies of neighboring states depend on the Chicago-area locks and dams.


Answer: D. as major transportation links for the region, they are important for Chicago's economy

To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice

To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice 

A) double cropping.
B) transhumance.
C) threshing.
D) pastoral nomadism.
E) shifting cultivation.


Answer: A. double cropping

The primary factor in von Thünen's model for choosing commercial farm products is

The primary factor in von Thünen's model for choosing commercial farm products is 

A) land price.
B) market location.
C) climate.
D) soil character.
E) labor cost.


Answer: B. market location

In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as

In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as 

A) agribusiness.
B) commercial farming.
C) food processing.
D) mechanized farming.
E) mixed crop and livestock farming.


Answer: A. agribusiness

Truck farming is a term that derives from the Middle-English word truck, meaning

Truck farming is a term that derives from the Middle-English word truck, meaning 

A) "cart."
B) "mobility" or "movement."
C) "subsiding" as in "subsistence agriculture."
D) "bartering" or "exchange of commodities."
E) "horse" or "horse-drawn."


Answer: D. "bartering" or "exchange of commodities."

The type of agriculture practiced near large cities, which includes producing fruits and vegetables, is called

The type of agriculture practiced near large cities, which includes producing fruits and vegetables, is called 

A) sawah.
B) truck agriculture.
C) subsistence agriculture.
D) truck farming.
E) truck hybridization.


Answer: D. truck farming

Afghanistan is important to the world drug trade primarily because

Afghanistan is important to the world drug trade primarily because 

A) it produces about 90 percent of the world's opium.
B) U.S. troops consume most of the opium grown there.
C) of the inability to grow maize.
D) of the proximity of the Russian market for illicit drugs.
E) of the desire of local farmers to fund terrorist organizations.


Answer: A. it produces about 90 percent of the world's opum

Farmers in LDCs choose to grow drug crops for export primarily because of

Farmers in LDCs choose to grow drug crops for export primarily because of 

A) their market value in MDCs.
B) their proximity to local markets.
C) their inability to grow maize.
D) their disdain for the freedoms enjoyed by developed countries.
E) their desire to fund terrorist organizations.


Answer: A. their market value in MDCs

The predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast is

The predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast is 

A) mixed crop and livestock.
B) dairy farming.
C) Mediterranean agriculture.
D) commercial gardening.
E) plantation farming.


Answer: D. commercial gardening

Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?

Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture? 

A) butter
B) fruits
C) grapes
D) olives
E) cereals


Answer: A. butter

The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar

The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar 

A) climate.
B) cultural beliefs.
C) broad expanses of flat land along sea coasts.
D) social customs.
E) levels of livestock production with the mixed crop and livestock regions.


Answer: A. climate

Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture?

Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture? 

A) dairying
B) grain
C) pastoral nomadism
D) shifting cultivation
E) Mediterranean agriculture


Answer: C. pastoral nomadism

In the winter wheat area of the U.S., the crop is planted in

In the winter wheat area of the U.S., the crop is planted in 

A) autumn and harvested in summer.
B) winter and harvested in spring.
C) winter and harvested in autumn.
D) spring and harvested in summer.
E) spring and harvested in autumn.


Answer: A. autumn and harvested in the summer

After maize, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is

After maize, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is 

A) wheat.
B) soybeans.
C) barley.
D) fruits and vegetables.
E) sugar beets.


Answer: B. soybeans

Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe?

Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe? 

A) mixed crop and livestock farming
B) dairy farming
C) grain farming
D) livestock ranching
E) Mediterranean agriculture


Answer: A. mixed crop and livestock farming

The number of farms in the United States declined from about 6 million in 1940 to ________ in 1980.

The number of farms in the United States declined from about 6 million in 1940 to ________ in 1980. 

A) 2 million
B) 5.5 million
C) 10 million
D) 1 million
E) 20,000


Answer: A. 2 million

The United States had about 60 percent fewer farms and ________ percent fewer farmers in 2000 than in 1900.

The United States had about 60 percent fewer farms and ________ percent fewer farmers in 2000 than in 1900. 

A) 85
B) 52
C) 15
D) 25
E) 99


Answer: A. 85

The decline in the number of farmers in MDCs can best be described as a consequence of

The decline in the number of farmers in MDCs can best be described as a consequence of 

A) push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas.
B) urban sprawl, including the development of rings of suburbs and exurbs around major metropolitan areas, which required larger amounts of farm production.
C) push/pull economic factors, including greater opportunities in rural areas and lower-paying jobs in urban areas.
D) the increase of populations in urban areas and the reduced population in rural areas.
E) the spread of disease and starvation in rural areas, which quickly reduced the populations of farmers.


Answer: A. push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas

Which of the following have aided commercial farmers in MDCs?

Which of the following have aided commercial farmers in MDCs? 

A) transportation improvements and the rise of sea levels
B) scientific advances, the reduction in the need for electronics
C) ancient irrigation projects that can be refitted for modern farming
D) transportation improvements, scientific advances, and electronics
E) climate change, scientific advances, and transportation improvements


Answer: D. transportation improvements, scientific advances, and electronics

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is 

A) pastoral nomadism.
B) transnomadism.
C) transhumance.
D) practiced mostly in the tropics.
E) livestock ranching.


Answer: C. transhumance

Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region?

Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region? 

A) humid low-latitude
B) dry
C) warm mid-latitude
D) cold mid-latitude
E) polar


Answer: B. dry

Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by which of the following?

Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by which of the following? 

A) smaller farms
B) lower population densities
C) greater use of animal power
D) more diversified cropping
E) greater use of land in rainforests


Answer: C. greater use of animal power

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people? 

A) hunting and gathering
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive subsistence
E) plantation


Answer: D. intensive subsistence

The direction and frequency of hunter-gatherer migration depended on

The direction and frequency of hunter-gatherer migration depended on 

A) the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plants.
B) the shifting of climate patterns.
C) the arrival of imperial armies and other invading forces.
D) each group's size and the ability to run over long distances.
E) mathematical processes.


Answer: A. the movement of game ad the seasonal growth of plants

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture? 

A) Mediterranean
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive
E) All of the above are forms of subsistence agriculture.


Answer: A. Mediterranean

Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from

Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from 

A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
E) Southeast Asia.


Answer: D. Southwest Asia

The first people to domesticate lentils and olives were in

The first people to domesticate lentils and olives were in 

A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
E) South America.


Answer: D. Southwest Asia

The earliest known domesticated squash crops are thought to have originated in the Americas more than

The earliest known domesticated squash crops are thought to have originated in the Americas more than 

A) 9,000 years ago.
B) 90,000 years ago.
C) 1.1 million years ago.
D) 900 years ago.
E) 10 million years ago.


Answer: A. 9,000 years ago

The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia about

The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia about 

A) 10,000 years ago.
B) 100,000 years ago.
C) 1.1 million years ago.
D) 1,000 years ago.
E) 10 million years ago.


Answer: A. 10,000 years ago

Lima beans were domesticated in

Lima beans were domesticated in 

A) Southeast Asia.
B) Southwest Asia.
C) Ethiopia.
D) northern China.
E) the Americas.


Answer: E. the Americas

Potatoes were domesticated in

Potatoes were domesticated in 

A) Southeast Asia.
B) Southwest Asia.
C) Ethiopia.
D) northern China.
E) the Americas.


Answer: E. the Americas

Pigs were domesticated in

Pigs were domesticated in 

A) Southeast Asia.
B) South America.
C) Ethiopia.
D) northern China.
E) Southwest Asia


Answer: E. Southwest Asia

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture), ________ of which were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs.

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture), ________ of which were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs. 

A) 6; 5
B) 1; 10
C) 8; 11
D) 10; 1
E) 11; 1


Answer: A. 6; 5

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ________ agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture).

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ________ agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture). 

A) 11
B) 12
C) 5
D) 3
E) 16


Answer: A. 11