Which of the following is not a strategy for increasing food supply?

Which of the following is not a strategy for increasing food supply?

A) expanding arable land area
B) increasing land productivity
C) identifying new food sources
D) increasing tariffs on grain exports
E) increasing exports of surplus production

Answer: D

Less developed countries generate funds to promote development through

Less developed countries generate funds to promote development through

A) bartering with urban residents.
B) encouraging traditional subsistence agriculture.
C) feeding the rapidly growing population.
D) selling export crops.
E) adopting shifting cultivation

Answer: D

Farmers in LDCs choose to grow drug crops for export

Farmers in LDCs choose to grow drug crops for export

A) based on their market value in MDCs.
B) based on their proximity to market.
C) depending on whether or not they can grow corn.
D) depending on whether there are any users in their own country.

Answer: A

Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems?

Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems?

A) access to fertilizers
B) inadequate income
C) lack of equipment
D) surplus production
E) declining market demand

Answer: B

The primary factor in von Thunen's model for choosing commercial farm products is

The primary factor in von Thunen's model for choosing commercial farm products is

A) land price.
B) market location.
C) climate.
D) soil character.
E) labor cost.

Answer: B

Von Thünen's model can best be used to explain the location of which of the following types of agriculture?

Von Thünen's model can best be used to explain the location of which of the following types of agriculture?

A) dairying in the Northeast United States
B) ranching in the dry lands of North Africa
C) shifting cultivation in the tropics of South America
D) intensive subsistence in South China
E) mediterranean agriculture in central Chile

Answer: A

Genetically modified crops have

Genetically modified crops have

A) higher yields.
B) greater resistance to climate change.
C) more resistance to pests.
D) all of the above
E) A and C

Answer: E

____ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm.

____ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm.

A) von Thünen's
B) Whittlesey's
C) Iqbel's
D) McKinley's

Answer: A

What is the purpose of crop rotation?

What is the purpose of crop rotation?

A) maintaining fresh products for market
B) maintaining price supports
C) maintaining the fertility of fields
D) responding to shifting consumer preference
E) reducing transportation costs

Answer: C

A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is

A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is

A) sensitive land management.
B) limited use of chemicals.
C) better integration of crops and livestock.
D) use of pesticide resistant seed.
E) A, B, and C

Answer: E

Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are

Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are

A) part of agribusiness.
B) owned by people in less developed countries.
C) found primarily in less developed countries.
D) situated in densely populated locations.
E) all of the above

Answer: C

Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to

Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to

A) distribute the workload of the crops and livestock evenly throughout the year.
B) generate 3/4ths of their income from the sale of livestock.
C) create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Answer: D

Commercial agriculture is distinguished from subsistence agriculture by all but which of the following?

Commercial agriculture is distinguished from subsistence agriculture by all but which of the following?

A) low percentage of farmers in the labor force
B) farm size
C) heavy use of machinery
D) output consumed on the farm
E) surplus production




Answer: D

Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe?

Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe?

A) mixed crop and livestock farming
B) dairy farming
C) grain farming
D) livestock ranching
E) mediterranean agriculture

Answer: A

The most important reason why most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice is

The most important reason why most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice is

A) cultural preference.
B) tradition.
C) climate.
D) soil.
E) harvesting wet rice requires expensive machinery.

Answer: C

Intensive wet rice farming is the dominant type of agriculture in

Intensive wet rice farming is the dominant type of agriculture in

A) Southeast China.
B) East India.
C) most of Southeast Asia.
D) A and B
E) all of the above.

Answer: E

Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?

Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?

A) preparing fields with a plow drawn by oxen
B) flooding the plowed field with water
C) growing seedlings in a nursery
D) transplanting seedlings into the flooded field
E) all of the above

Answer: E

Asian agriculture is characterized by shortages of all but which of the following?

Asian agriculture is characterized by shortages of all but which of the following?

A) equipment
B) funds
C) labor
D) land
E) C and D




Answer: C

Which is not a characteristic of shifting cultivation?

Which is not a characteristic of shifting cultivation?

A) Land is cleared by slashing the vegetation.
B) Debris is burned to provide the soil with nutrients.
C) A new site is designated every few years.
D) Swiddens not under cultivation are used for fruit trees.
E) All of the above are characteristics.

Answer: E

Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?

Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region?

A) humid low-latitude
B) dry
C) warm mid-latitude
D) cold mid-latitude
E) undifferentiated Highlands.

Answer: A

The decline in the amount of farmland can best be described as a consequence of

The decline in the amount of farmland can best be described as a consequence of

A) push/pull economic factors.
B) urban sprawl.
C) climate change.
D) demographic transition.

Answer: B

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?

A) Mediterranean
B) shifting cultivation
C) pastoral nomadism
D) intensive
E) All of the above are forms of subsistence agriculture.

Answer: A

Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?

Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?

A) Mediterranean
B) plantation
C) truck farming
D) commercial gardening
E) none of the above, these are all commercial agriculture.

Answer: B

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ________ agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture). ____ were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs.

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ________ agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture). ____ were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs.

A) 11; 6; 5
B) 12; 6; 6
C) 11; 5; 6
D) 6; 5; 1
E) none of the above

Answer: A

The decline in the number of farmers can best be described as a consequence of

The decline in the number of farmers can best be described as a consequence of

A) push/pull economic factors.
B) urban sprawl.
C) climate change.
D) demographic transition.

Answer: A

Which of the following has aided 20th century commercial farmers in MDCs?

Which of the following has aided 20th century commercial farmers in MDCs?

A) transportation improvements
B) scientific advances
C) electronics
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer: D

Vegetative planting probably originated in

Vegetative planting probably originated in

A) Southeast Asia.
B) Southwest Asia.
C) Ethiopia.
D) northern China.
E) all of the above

Answer: A

The first group to integrate seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals was probably in

The first group to integrate seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals was probably in

A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
E) South America.




Answer: D

Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from

Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from

A) western India.
B) northern China.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Southwest Asia.
E) Southeast Asia.

Answer: D

In the Eastern Hemisphere, seed agriculture probably originated in which of the following?

In the Eastern Hemisphere, seed agriculture probably originated in which of the following?

A) western India
B) northern China
C) Ethiopia
D) Southwest Asia
E) A, B, and C

Answer: E

The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is

The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is

A) sawah.
B) seed agriculture.
C) subsistence agriculture.
D) vegetative planting.
E) plant hybridization.

Answer: D

Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of

Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of

A) physical characteristics of the land.
B) limited knowledge of alternatives.
C) cultural preferences.
D) climate.
E) all of the above






Answer: E

Hunting and gathering societies

Hunting and gathering societies

A) include about 15 percent of the world's people.
B) are found in isolated places in the world.
C) are characterized by large concentrations of people.
D) occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe.
E) are responsible for most of the environmental degradation of the planet.

Answer: B

Farming varies around the world because of ________ across space.

Farming varies around the world because of ________ across space.

A) cultural and environmental factors
B) religious and economic factors
C) farmer personal preference and environmental factors
D) weather and climate





Answer: A

The ________ and ________ of hunter and gatherer migration depended on the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plant.

The ________ and ________ of hunter and gatherer migration depended on the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plant.

A) direction and frequency
B) speed and distance
C) direction and distance
D) speed and frequency
E) time and speed

Answer: A

An important agricultural hearth is

An important agricultural hearth is

A) Southeast Asia.
B) South America.
C) Ethiopia.
D) northern China.
E) all of the above

Answer: E

Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering?

Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering?

A) All humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture.
B) It is a form of nomadism.
C) This form of subsistence is still practiced.
D) Hunter gatherers live in small groups.
E) all of the above

Answer: E

The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia

The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia

A) 10,000 years ago.
B) 100,000 years ago.
C) 1.1 million years ago.
D) 1,000 years ago.
E) 10 million years ago.

Answer: A

The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is

The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is

A) whether the product is consumed on or off the farm.
B) whether crops are grown or animals are raised.
C) the location of the first agriculture.
D) the population density of the crop-producing region.
E) B and D



Answer: A

A common difference(s) between farms in an LDC (like Pakistan) vs. farms in an MDC (like the United States) that grow the same crop is

A common difference(s) between farms in an LDC (like Pakistan) vs. farms in an MDC (like the United States) that grow the same crop is 

A) the amount of crop produced in a year
B) the importance of the crop to the farmer
C) the income derived from crops
D) A and B
E) A and C

Answer: E

Outside of the three main regions where industry is concentrated (Europe, North America, and East Asia), the next two largest industrial producing countries are

Outside of the three main regions where industry is concentrated (Europe, North America, and East Asia), the next two largest industrial producing countries are

A) Brazil and Peru.
B) Pakistan and Brazil.
C) South Africa and India.
D) India and Pakistan.
E) none of the above




Answer: E

What Western European country has experienced the most rapid manufacturing growth since the late twentieth century?

What Western European country has experienced the most rapid manufacturing growth since the late twentieth century?

A) Spain
B) France
C) Italy
D) Germany
E) Denmark




Answer: A

Among the surviving steel plants in the United States, production concentrated in the southern Lake Michigan area has increased its share of national production, primarily because of access to

Among the surviving steel plants in the United States, production concentrated in the southern Lake Michigan area has increased its share of national production, primarily because of access to

A) markets.
B) government subsidies.
C) cheap labor.
D) fluid capital.
E) raw materials.

Answer: A

New U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the

New U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the 

A) West, to minimize access to Japan.
B) Southeast to avoid winter production cost.
C) Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs.
D) Northeast, to minimize access to the largest market.
E) Sunbelt, to minimize labor costs.

Answer: C

Today, the most significant industrial asset of the Western Great Lakes region is its

Today, the most significant industrial asset of the Western Great Lakes region is its 

A) proximity to essential raw materials.
B) cheap migrant labor.
C) access to the nation's transportation network.
D) skilled but expensive labor force.
E) large market area.

Answer: C

Producers of automobiles select locations primarily because of access to

Producers of automobiles select locations primarily because of access to 

A) markets.
B) raw materials.
C) government subsidies.
D) labor.
E) fluid capital.




Answer: A

A company which uses more than one mode of transport will often locate near

A company which uses more than one mode of transport will often locate near

A) consumers.
B) suburbs.
C) break-of-bulk points.
D) abundant energy supply.
E) raw materials.

Answer: C

After the Northeast, the second largest industrial region in the United States is

After the Northeast, the second largest industrial region in the United States is 

A) Southeastern Ontario
B) the Middle Atlantic.
C) Pittsburgh-Lake Erie.
D) Southern California.
E) the Western Great Lakes.




Answer: D

Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because

Metal fabrication plants are an example of a bulk-gaining industry because 

A) the mills are near the mines.
B) parts suppliers package shipments in bulk containers.
C) parts suppliers supply components with just-in-time management.
D) separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.
E) refineries import most material from other countries.

Answer: D

The U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of

The U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of 

A) access to fluid capital.
B) sea food processing.
C) just-in-time inventory management.
D) access to oil and natural gas.
E) proximity to markets.





Answer: D

Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of

Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of 

A) low-cost energy.
B) fluid capital.
C) low-cost labor.
D) aluminum oxide.
E) low-cost land.




Answer: A

The Italian Po river basin

The Italian Po river basin 

A) has inexpensive hydroelectricity.
B) is Southern Europe's' oldest and most important industrial area.
C) has a key asset in cheaper labor compared to Europe's other industrial regions.
D) contains two-thirds of the country's industry.
E) has all the above characteristics.

Answer: E

The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to

The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to

A) markets
B) transport.
C) labor.
D) coal.
E) iron ore.




Answer: E

Which of these industries is most dependent on low-cost labor?

Which of these industries is most dependent on low-cost labor? 

A) textile
B) electronics
C) steel
D) automotive
E) fabricated machinery

Answer: A

The Industrial Revolution began in

The Industrial Revolution began in 

A) Japan.
B) Great Britain.
C) the Fertile Crescent.
D) Russia.
E) the United States.





Answer: B

The new international division of labor reflects the growing importance of

The new international division of labor reflects the growing importance of 

A) new infrastructure.
B) vertical integration.
C) access to raw materials.
D) outsourcing.
E) just-in-time inventory management.

Answer: D

A main benefit for manufacturers of just-in-time delivery is

A main benefit for manufacturers of just-in-time delivery is 

A) that it reduces the money a manufacturer uses for wasteful inventory.
B) that it improves delivery time to the customer
C) that it allows the manufacturer to reduce factory size
D) A and B
E) A and C





Answer: E

The Industrial Revolution can be explained by a gradual diffusion of ________ inventions.

The Industrial Revolution can be explained by a gradual diffusion of ________ inventions. 

A) economic
B) none of the above
C) social
D) political
E) all of the above

Answer: E

Both Europe and the United States have seen interregional shifts of manufacturing, but one difference is

Both Europe and the United States have seen interregional shifts of manufacturing, but one difference is

A) in the United States, government policies have encouraged relocation.
B) movement to the west in Europe and to the east in the United States.
C) concentration in Europe and diffusion in the United States.
D) concentration in the United States and diffusion in Europe.
E) in Europe, government policies have encouraged relocation.

Answer: E

Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to

Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to 

A) markets.
B) labor.
C) raw materials.
D) fluid capital.
E) government subsidies.

Answer: A

Proximity to European consumers is the most significant industrial asset of which region?

Proximity to European consumers is the most significant industrial asset of which region? 

A) Mid-Rhine
B) Portugal and western Spain
C) Northern Italy
D) Rhine-Ruhr
E) Great Britain

Answer: A

In Russia, the Soviet government promoted new manufacturing regions

In Russia, the Soviet government promoted new manufacturing regions 

A) at ports on the Barents Sea.
B) at ports on the Caspian Sea.
C) in the Urals and Kuznetsk.
D) in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
E) all of the above

Answer: C

The average wage in MDCs compared to the average wage in LDCS is about

The average wage in MDCs compared to the average wage in LDCS is about 

A) four times larger.
B) two times larger.
C) six times larger.
D) the same.
E) three times larger.

Answer: A

Steel production has declined during 1980-2008 most rapidly in

Steel production has declined during 1980-2008 most rapidly in 

A) the United States.
B) Russia.
C) Japan.
D) Europe.

Answer: A

Eastern North America was the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's

Eastern North America was the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's

A) best-maintained transportation systems.
B) largest markets.
C) most advantageous climate.
D) most extensive sources of essential raw materials.
E) all of the above

Answer: B

The major contribution made by the chemical industry to the textile industry was

The major contribution made by the chemical industry to the textile industry was 

A) bleaching.
B) food processing.
C) dyeing.
D) A and B.
E) all of the above





Answer: D

What mining region has the most varied mineral deposits of the world, with over 1,000 minerals?

What mining region has the most varied mineral deposits of the world, with over 1,000 minerals?

A) South Africa and Angola
B) the mountains of central Thailand
C) the Tibetan plateau
D) the Ural mountains
E) the Chilean Andes




Answer: D

Central Europe offers an attractive combination of important site and situation factors:

Central Europe offers an attractive combination of important site and situation factors:

A) less skilled but cheaper labor than Western Europe.
B) proximity to markets.
C) more expensive but more skilled labor than Asia and Latin America.
D) A and B
E) all of the above





Answer: E

The United Kingdom expanded industrial production in the late twentieth century

The United Kingdom expanded industrial production in the late twentieth century

A) with cheap immigrant labor from former colonies.
B) with high-tech industries to serve the European market.
C) in northwestern rural sites.
D) with former colonial members of the Commonwealth.
E) in textiles and steel production.

Answer: B

The most important transportation improvement in the eighteenth century was the

The most important transportation improvement in the eighteenth century was the 

A) canal.
B) railroad.
C) automobile.
D) horse collar.
E) steam engine.




Answer: A

Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions?

Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions?

A) Eastern South America
B) Northwestern Europe
C) Eastern Europe
D) Eastern North America
E) East Asia





Answer: A

The main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens is produced from

The main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens is produced from 

A) iron ore.
B) biomass fuels.
C) wood.
D) coal.
E) dross.

Answer: D

Canada's most important industrial area is

Canada's most important industrial area is 

A) the northern shore of Lake Superior.
B) the sea ports of Nova Scotia.
C) the St. Lawrence Valley and Ontario Peninsula.
D) along the U.S. border in Saskatchawan.
E) Vancouver, British Columbia.

Answer: C

Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry, Honda's most important factor when selecting a location for a new assembly plant in the United States was

Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is typically described as a bulk-gaining industry, Honda's most important factor when selecting a location for a new assembly plant in the United States was

A) minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers.
B) minimizing the cost of shipping inputs.
C) the location of railroads.
D) maximizing delivery time to customers.
E) the location of highways.

Answer: A

The Industrial Revolution began in

The Industrial Revolution began in 

A) the late 1500s.
B) the late 1800s.
C) the late 1600s.
D) the late 1700s.
E) the late 1900s.

Answer: D

Which production is more likely to be located in more developed countries?

Which production is more likely to be located in more developed countries? 

A) fabric
B) cotton yarn
C) women's blouses
D) A and B.
E) All are equally likely.

Answer: C

The U.S. government distinguishes between foreign and domestic cars

The U.S. government distinguishes between foreign and domestic cars 

A) for the U.S. Department of Treasury Customs Service to set tariffs.
B) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to measure fuel efficiency.
C) for informing customers under the American Automobile Labeling Act.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer: D

Significant site factors include all but which of the following?

Significant site factors include all but which of the following? 

A) labor
B) transportation
C) land
D) capital
E) C and D

Answer: B

The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as

The shift in steel production locations in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century can best be described as

A) starting in the Midwest and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending up on the East and West coast.
B) starting on the East and West coast and then migrating towards Pittsburgh before ending in the Midwest.
C) starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the Midwest before ending up on the East and West coast.
D) starting in the Pittsburgh area and then migrating towards the East and West coast before moving overseas.

Answer: C

A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a

A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a 

A) bulk-gaining industry.
B) specialized manufacturer.
C) bulk-reducing industry.
D) fabrication concentration point.
E) perishable industry.

Answer: C

Mexico's maquiladora plants have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets

Mexico's maquiladora plants have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets 

A) because they are distributed across central Mexico.
B) but are using obsolete production processes.
C) but high tariffs suppress U.S. sales.
D) but are a bit too far from most U.S. manufacturing facilities for just-in-time delivery.
E) all of the above

Answer: D

Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to

Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to

A) minimize transport costs.
B) identify unique characteristics of a particular location.
C) minimize production costs inside the plant.
D) avoid labor unions.
E) find an ideal climate.

Answer: A

Beer bottling is an example of a

Beer bottling is an example of a

A) bulk-gaining industry.
B) perishable industry.
C) labor intensive industry.
D) communications-oriented industry.
E) specialized industry.






Answer: A

In order to become a major industrial power, Japan had to overcome which of the following problems?

In order to become a major industrial power, Japan had to overcome which of the following problems?

A) weak consumer demand
B) high labor costs
C) abundant energy sources
D) distance from consumers
E) all of the above

Answer: D

The cottage industry system involved manufacturing

The cottage industry system involved manufacturing 

A) cheeses and pastries.
B) of hand-made luxury goods.
C) of steam engines.
D) in small factories.
E) in the home.





Answer: E

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was 

A) dispersed.
B) concentrated.
C) located in colonies.
D) randomly distributed.
E) clustered.




Answer: A

Industrial areas outside North America and Europe have become increasingly important in recent years primarily because of

Industrial areas outside North America and Europe have become increasingly important in recent years primarily because of

A) access to markets.
B) fluid capital.
C) site factors.
D) break-of-bulk points.
E) access to raw materials.

Answer: C

What two location factors influence industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?

What two location factors influence industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?

A) global communications and fluid capital
B) availability of raw materials and cheap energy
C) skilled labor and rapid delivery to market
D) fluid capital and advantageous tariffs
E) cheap labor and high consumer demand

Answer: C

Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all but which of the following?

Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all but which of the following?

A) Northern Italy
B) United Kingdom
C) the Mid-Rhine
D) the Rhine-Rhur valley
E) Portugal and western Spain

Answer: E

Between 1950 and 2009 the northeastern United States region lost ________ jobs, while the South and West gained ________ jobs.

Between 1950 and 2009 the northeastern United States region lost ________ jobs, while the South and West gained ________ jobs.

A) 6 million; 2 million
B) 2 million; 6 million
C) 8 million; 10 million
D) 10 million; 8 million

Answer: A

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is

A) threshold.
B) range.
C) median.
D) hinterland.
E) meridian




Answer: B

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is 

A) a circle.
B) a square.
C) an octagon.
D) a pentagon.
E) a hexagon.





Answer: E

The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the

The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the

A) economic base.
B) gravity model.
C) rank-size rule.
D) primate city.
E) nesting of settlements.

Answer: C

World cities are defined by

World cities are defined by 

A) their total population.
B) their location relative to other cities.
C) the number and type of business services found there.
D) B and C





Answer: C

The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the

The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the

A) placement of buildings around a central market square.
B) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town.
C) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches.
D) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town.
E) broad avenues in residential districts.

Answer: A

Which services constitute up to two-thirds of GDP in MDCs?

Which services constitute up to two-thirds of GDP in MDCs? 

A) public
B) consumer
C) business
D) the combination of all three of the above
E) none of the above

Answer: D

The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to

The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to 

A) encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern.
B) increase rural population.
C) discourage urbanization.
D) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern.
E) all of the above

Answer: A

According to Louis Wirth, urban areas are more likely than rural areas to have

According to Louis Wirth, urban areas are more likely than rural areas to have

A) larger size.
B) more heterogeneity.
C) higher density.
D) A and B
E) all of the above

Answer: E

Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution?

Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution?

A) Urbanization and the Industrial Revolution are unrelated.
B) The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization.
C) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by thousands of years.
D) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by hundreds of years.
E) Urbanization promoted the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: B

Defining cities based on business services found in each gives the ordered hierarchy of

Defining cities based on business services found in each gives the ordered hierarchy of 

A) manufacturing centers, military centers, mining centers, and resort, retirement, and residential centers.
B) world cities, command and control centers, specialized producer-service centers, and dependent centers.
C) dominant world cities, major world cities, command and control centers, and secondary world cities.
D) command and control centers, secondary world cities, specialized producer-service centers, and dependent centers.

Answer: B

Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in

Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in 

A) manufacturing.
B) services.
C) agriculture.
D) education.
E) all of the above

Answer: C

Which of the following is a reason for establishing a settlement?

Which of the following is a reason for establishing a settlement? 

A) politics
B) family protection
C) religion
D) manufacturing
E) all of the above






Answer: E

Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of

Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of 

A) rural and urban settlements.
B) central places.
C) business and consumer services.
D) talent and diversity.

Answer: D

According to the range concept of Central Place Theory, people should be willing to travel far distances for a(n) ________ and only willing to travel short distances for ________.

According to the range concept of Central Place Theory, people should be willing to travel far distances for a(n) ________ and only willing to travel short distances for ________.

A) flight out of an airport; groceries
B) wedding; a fast food restaurant
C) championship sporting event; a cup of coffee
D) all of the above
E) none of the above





Answer: D

The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A. D. brought about what change in urban settlements?

The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A. D. brought about what change in urban settlements?

A) reduction in urban population
B) development of city-states
C) rapid urbanization
D) increased trade
E) revival of urban life

Answer: A

A central place is a

A central place is a 

A) market center.
B) hinterland.
C) rank-size distribution.
D) range of a good.
E) circular settlement.

Answer: E

A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement?

A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement?

A) urban
B) linear
C) primordial
D) dispersed rural
E) clustered rural




Answer: E

Urbanization can be analyzed by looking at the ________ and ________ of people living in cities.

Urbanization can be analyzed by looking at the ________ and ________ of people living in cities.

A) number and percentage
B) density and homogeneity
C) size and density
D) percentage and density
E) number and homogeneity

Answer: A

A market area is a good example of what kind of region?

A market area is a good example of what kind of region?

A) functional
B) diverse
C) formal
D) uniform
E) cultural

Answer: A

Business services provide what kind of services?

Business services provide what kind of services? 

A) services to businesses
B) security and protection
C) services for the wellbeing of individuals
D) product sales
E) diffusion and distribution of services

Answer: A

Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service?

Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service? 

A) education services
B) retail services
C) health services
D) hospitality services
E) professional services





Answer: E

What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs?

What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs?

A) low wage rates and workers who can speak English
B) political stability and cultural diversity
C) tax advantages and bank secrecy laws
D) market threshold and service range
E) military training and proximity to command and control centers

Answer: A

Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are

Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are 

A) more numerous and evenly dispersed.
B) less numerous and farther apart.
C) less numerous and closer together.
D) more numerous and farther apart.
E) more numerous and closer together.

Answer: B

LDCs specialize in what two types of business services?

LDCs specialize in what two types of business services? 

A) regional command and control centers
B) management consulting and staff training
C) biotechnology and medical research
D) offshore financial and back office
E) entertainment and recreation

Answer: D

Which of the following is a basic economic activity?

Which of the following is a basic economic activity?

A) travel agency
B) grocery store
C) gas station
D) steel mill
E) video rental store

Answer: D

A ________ is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services.

A ________ is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services. 

A) state capital
B) hospital
C) retirement community
D) shopping mall




Answer: A

Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania?

Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania?

A) Consumers do not all have access to goods and services.
B) Central planning improved settlement distribution.
C) The capital city Bucharest is a primate city.
D) Consumers do not have to travel far for goods and services.
E) Consumers are less likely to take buses to obtain goods and services.

Answer: A

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city?

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city?

A) 100,000
B) 200,000
C) 5,000,000
D) 50,000
E) 500,000




Answer: B

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the 

A) threshold.
B) range.
C) median.
D) hinterland.
E) meridian

Answer: D

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution?

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution?

A) economic base
B) primate city
C) rank-size
D) central place
E) equidistant

Answer: B

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a 

A) primate city.
B) functional classification.
C) nonbasic industry.
D) basic industry.
E) consumer service.

Answer: D

Which of the following statements best describes an impact of the global recession that occurred in 2008?

Which of the following statements best describes an impact of the global recession that occurred in 2008?

A) MDCs were affected more than LDCs.
B) The Midwest, South, and Western regions of the US were hit disproportionately harder than other areas of the US.
C) It was the first absolute decline in world GDP since the 1930s.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above



Answer: B

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? 

A) Coastal margins
B) New England
C) Middle Atlantic
D) Southeast
E) all of the above

Answer: B

Which of the following is considered to be an original hearth of urban settlement?

Which of the following is considered to be an original hearth of urban settlement?

A) Mesopotamia
B) China
C) Egypt
D) Indus Valley
E) all of the above





Answer: E

One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is

One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is 

A) high technology services.
B) entertainment and recreation facilities.
C) government and education.
D) manufacturing of textiles.
E) manufacturing of durable goods.




Answer: E

In a linear community, the best location for a service is the

In a linear community, the best location for a service is the

A) range.
B) threshold.
C) median.
D) hinterland.
E) meridian

Answer: C

In a country with a primate city

In a country with a primate city 

A) the largest city is more than twice as large than the second largest city.
B) the country's n-th largest city is 1/n-th the population of the largest city.
C) goods and services may not be evenly distributed throughout the country.
D) A and C.
E) B and C.

Answer: D

A primate city is

A primate city is 

A) at least twice as large as the next smaller city.
B) a rapidly growing city.
C) the center of gravity for a hinterland.
D) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese.
E) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions.

Answer: A

According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related

According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related 

A) directly to both population and distance.
B) inversely to both distance and population.
C) to the presence of other services.
D) directly to population and inversely to distance.
E) directly to distance and inversely to population.

Answer: D

Periodic markets feature

Periodic markets feature

A) prices that change on a seasonal schedule.
B) vendors who move to serve more towns.
C) large sales after the holiday season.
D) specialized business services.

Answer: B

Of the ten largest urban areas in the world, how many are in More Developed Countries today?

Of the ten largest urban areas in the world, how many are in More Developed Countries today? 

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 10

Answer: A

The city-state is an example of

The city-state is an example of 

A) a state dominated by its major city.
B) a functional region.
C) diffuse political functions.
D) a local government of the Roman Empire.
E) an early form of urban settlement.

Answer: A

The important element of urbanization is an increase in the

The important element of urbanization is an increase in the 

A) number of people living in urban settlements.
B) land area occupied by urban settlements.
C) percentage of people living in urban settlements.
D) B and C
E) all of the above

Answer: E

Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it

Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it 

A) changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements.
B) stimulates new nonbasic industries.
C) changes the community's functional classification.
D) disrupts the central place hierarchy.
E) replaces obsolete industry.

Answer: B

The process of using comparable markets to help geographers predict the market share of a proposed new store is called the

The process of using comparable markets to help geographers predict the market share of a proposed new store is called the

A) central place theory.
B) gravity model.
C) hinterland model.
D) analog method.

Answer: D

The attraction of the call center industry to locate in India can best be explained by

The attraction of the call center industry to locate in India can best be explained by

A) Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors.
B) wide use of English and the large number of working students.
C) low wages and wide use of English.
D) low wages and geographic situational factors.
E) none of the above.

Answer: C

Dispersed rural settlements, typically found in the North American rural landscape, are comprised of

Dispersed rural settlements, typically found in the North American rural landscape, are comprised of

A) farmers living alongside neighbors in settlements
B) farmers clustered along a river or road to facilitate communication amongst each other
C) farmers living in a central space surrounded by structures
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer: E

The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to

The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to

A) bury the dead.
B) educate children.
C) house the ruler.
D) celebrate seasonal festivals.
E) protect the group's assets.

Answer: A

Most people in the world live in what type of settlement?

Most people in the world live in what type of settlement?

A) metropolitan area
B) primordial
C) dispersed rural
D) urban settlement
E) clustered rural




Answer: D

The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of

The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of 

A) need for access to a river.
B) inheritance laws.
C) common grazing land.
D) long distance between farms.
E) collective land ownership.

Answer: A