A) an economic and cultural alliance of states once part of the British Empire.
B) an organization of culturally homogenous nations that opposed the Warsaw Pact.
C) organized to increase availability of mineral resources in perforated states that are NATO allies.
D) a religious entity that sends missionaries to Africa from the United Kingdom.
E) an association of countries that were once members of COMECON and the Warsaw Pact.
A) a multinational state.
B) divided among more than one state.
C) a religious minority in the Middle East.
D) trying to unite with Turkey.
E) the majority population of Iraq.
The problems experienced by Cyprus during the past four decades include all but which of the following?
A) a Greek-inspired military coup
B) a Turkish army invasion
C) a partition of the island by the British as part of independence
D) an increasing spatial segregation of Greeks and Turks
E) division of the capital city by a buffer zone patrolled by UN soldiers
A) sovereign state.
B) nation-state existing in a unified condition.
C) ethnicity divided between more than one state.
D) colony divided between more than one ethnicity.
E) patron-state.
A) city-states, which incorporated cities as well as their countryside.
B) colonies, which incorporated cities as well as their countryside.
C) empires, which incorporated dozens of unified colonies.
D) nation-states, which incorporated city-states, colonies, and empires.
E) patron-states ruled by sheiks.
A) followed the Nile and Euphrates rivers.
B) was the key to the Roman Empire in classical times.
C) was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East and the first large-scale agricultural projects of Sub-Saharan Africa.
D) is sometimes considered to have extended from the Nile Valley to the Atlas Mountains.
E) extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East.
The best example of a nation among the following is
A) an island with a long history of self-rule and a homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30 years.
B) a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands pertain to another country.
C) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities and divided up administratively among various independent countries.
D) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army.
E) a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of peoples but recently colonized by a European nation-state.
The best example of a state among the following is
A) an island with a long history of self-rule and a homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30 years.
B) a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands pertain to another country.
C) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities and divided up administratively among various independent countries.
D) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army.
E) a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of peoples but recently colonized by a European nation-state.
As indicated on the map of European economic and military alliances, in 2013 Latvia
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of COMECON and NATO.
D) was a member of the European Community only.
E) was neither a member of NATO nor of the European Community.
As indicated on the map of European economic and military alliances, in 2013 Austria
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of COMECON and NATO.
D) was a member of the European Community only.
E) was neither a member of NATO nor of the European Community.
As indicated on the map of European economic and military alliances, in 2013 Ireland
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of COMECON and NATO.
D) was a member of the European Community only.
E) was neither a member of NATO nor of the European Community.
As indicated on the maps of economic and political alliances, in 1980 Hungary
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of the European Community but not NATO.
D) remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
E) was a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.
As indicated on the maps of economic and political alliances, in 1980 Bulgaria
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of the European Community but not NATO.
D) remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
E) was a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.
As indicated on the maps of economic and political alliances, in 1980 Ireland
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of the European Community but not NATO.
D) remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
E) was a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.
As indicated on the maps of economic and political alliances, in 1980 Belgium
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of the European Community but not NATO.
D) remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
E) was a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.
As indicated on the maps of economic and political alliances, in 1980 Sweden
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of the European Community but not NATO.
D) remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
E) was a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.
As indicated on the maps of economic and political alliances, in the late 20th century Austria
A) was a member of NATO and the European Community.
B) was a member of NATO but not the European Community.
C) was a member of the European Community but not NATO.
D) remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
E) was a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.
The map concerning United Nations membership indicates that Ethiopia
A) left the UN in the 1990s but joined again in the early 2000s.
B) has not yet joined the United Nations as an independent state.
C) became a UN member in the 1950s.
D) became a UN member in the 1940s.
E) joined the UN in the 1950s but left it in the 1980s.
The map concerning United Nations membership indicates that most African countries
A) left the UN in the 1990s but joined again in the early 2000s.
B) have not yet joined the United Nations as independent states.
C) became UN members in the 1940s and 1950s.
D) became UN members in the 1960s and 1970s.
E) joined the UN in the 1950s but left the UN in the 1980s.
During his presentation at the United Nations, then-Secretary of State Colin Powell used what geographic tool to make the case for war?
A) air photos of alleged chemical weapons bunkers
B) documents linking Iran and Afghanistan to yellowcake uranium
C) photos and recordings linking U.S. military leaders to Saddam Hussein
D) air photos showing troop movements and territorial disputes with Kuwait
E) falsified recordings linking Saddam Hussein to al-Qaeda
In 2002 the Organization of African Unity was replaced by
A) the African Union.
B) the African National Party.
C) the African Treaty Organization.
D) the Organization of African OPEC States.
E) the Organization for African Economic Cooperation.
Over the past half century, the number of sovereign states in the world
A) has remained approximately the same.
B) has increased by a couple of dozen.
C) has decreased by a couple of dozen.
D) has increased by more than a hundred.
E) has increased by more than a thousand.
Conflicting claims to the Arctic are mostly due to
A) the potential for energy resources.
B) old Cold War grudges.
C) colonial expansion.
D) shifting sea ice formations.
E) the proximity of South American and African countries.
A) Al-Qaeda is a single unified organization
B) Al-Qaeda was funded by Osama Bin Laden
C) Al-Qaeda began in Afghanistan as a defense against the Soviet takeover
D) Al-Qaeda declared a fatwa against the United States
E) Al-Qaeda donates millions to charity every year
Terrorism differs from assassination and other acts of political violence
A) because terrorists are crazy
B) because terrorists fight for religious extremism and other people don't
C) because there's no such thing
D) because attacks are aimed at ordinary people
E) All of the above
A) The Warsaw Pact became obsolete
B) NATO became obsolete
C) Radical Muslim terrorist organizations threaten the democratic world
D) Russia absorbed all of the land known as the USSR
E) A and C
What was the distinctive feature of the world's superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s compared to other eras?
A) the number of superpowers were relatively the same
B) the number of superpowers was much higher than in the past
C) the number of superpowers was much lower than in the past
D) the economy dropped as a result of A
E) both D and A
An increasing number of states have adopted a federal gov't primarily to
A) be in good relations with the people
B) take control of the nation
C) become more advanced
D) all of the above
E) satisfy the demands of competing nationalities
A) a religious group
B) nationality that are specific to one state
C) tribe in Africa
D) all of the above
E) nationality divided among more than one state
A) tribes do not get along
B) European colonial powers drew inappropriate boundaries
C) many Africans are being taken into slavery
D) religions do not get along well
E) all of the above
The problems experienced by cypress during the past 4 decades include all but which of the following?
A) a partition of the island by the British as part of independence
B) A division of the land by the Greeks and the Turks
C) the establishment of a Turkish republic
D) development of a buffer zone between ethnicities
E) Turkey's recognition of the sovereignty of a portion of the population
The Germans established the proruption known as the caprivi strip in present day Namibia for which of the following reasons?
A) access to resources in central Africa
B) disruption of British communications
C) trading opportunities with native tribes
D) access to the Zambezi river
E) A, B, D
By 1900, the British could claim all but which of the following about their empire?
A) their largest colony had become independent by then
B) the sun never set on the British Empire
C) the British had colonies to the east and the west
D) the british empire had more colonies than any other nation in the world
E) both C and D
A) followed the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
B) extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea
C) was the location of the city-states in the Middle East
D) sometimes considered to extend into the Nile River Valley
E) all of the above
A) both have official relationships with the U.S.
B) both consider that the two form one sovereign state
C) both now hold seats in the UN
D) both were once ruled by nationalists
E) both B and C
Over the past half century, the number of sovereign states in the world
A) has increased by over 100
B) has decreased substantially
C) has stayed relatively similar
D) has gradually decreased
E) has been the reason for global warming